The Cusco Cathedral, officially known as the Basilica Cathedral of the Virgin of the Assumption, is the most emblematic religious temple of the ancient Inca capital. Its construction, carried out between 1560 and 1654, stands on what was the palace of Inca Viracocha, symbolizing the convergence of Inca and Spanish cultures. Its impressive architecture and the richness of its artistic works make it an indispensable point of reference for those who wish to explore the history and spirituality of Cusco.
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If you wish to learn more about the impressive history of the Cusco Cathedral or experience its beauty up close, book a guided tour and immerse yourself in the essence of the Cusco cultural legacy.
History of the Cusco Cathedral
Origins and Construction
The construction of the Cusco Cathedral began in 1560 using stones extracted from the Inca fortress of Sacsayhuamán. This material, precisely worked by the ancient Incas, was reused to build a monument that would represent the expansion of Christianity in the region. The cathedral was erected over the ancient palace of Inca Viracocha, called Quishuarqancha, evidencing the superposition of cultures and the transformation of the Cusco urban landscape after the arrival of the Spanish.
Construction work extended until 1654, a process that involved hundreds of indigenous artisans who integrated elements of their own art and worldview into the temple’s iconography. The cathedral is, therefore, a reflection of cultural syncretism, where Andean tradition merges with the architecture and religious art brought from Europe.
Colonial Architecture
The Cusco Cathedral presents a unique combination of architectural styles, highlighting the Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque. Its original design follows the patterns of large European cathedrals, but with local adaptations that make it unique on the continent.
- Imposing Facade: Renaissance style with Baroque details in its ornamentation.
- Andean Materials: The use of andesite stone provides resistance and an aesthetic that harmonizes with the Cusco environment.
- Vaults and Arches: Clearly Gothic influence, designed to confer height and grandeur.
The result is a masterpiece of colonial architecture in South America, with its own distinctive mark blending the skill of local builders with influences brought from Europe.
Relevant Historical Events
Throughout its history, the Cusco Cathedral has witnessed numerous transcendental events:
- Earthquakes: The structure has withstood strong tremors, such as the one in 1650, which caused damage to its infrastructure and led to significant restorations.
- Evangelization: During the Viceroyalty, the cathedral was the center for the Christianization of the indigenous population.
- Procession of the Lord of the Tremors: It emerged after the 1650 earthquake, when the image of Christ was taken out in procession and, according to the faithful, managed to stop the catastrophe. Since then, he has become the sworn patron of Cusco.
Architecture and Art in the Cusco Cathedral
Exterior Design
From the Plaza de Armas of Cusco, the Cathedral’s facade stands out with its robust and detailed structure. Some of its most prominent elements are:
- Twin Towers: Flanking the main entrance, giving it a symmetrical and majestic appearance.
- Carved Wooden Doors: With engravings showing religious and artistic motifs.
- Ornamental Reliefs: Mixing Christian symbols with indigenous influences.
The building adapts perfectly to the Cusco environment, standing out even more when the light of dawn or sunset bathes its Andean stone.
Cathedral Interior
Main Chapels and Altars
The interior of the Cathedral is an artistic treasure, with more than a dozen richly decorated side chapels. Each one is dedicated to a religious devotion, with gilded and carved wooden altarpieces. Highlights include:
- Chapel of the Lord of the Tremors, which houses the venerated image of the crucified Christ.
- Chapel of the Virgin of the Assumption, patroness of the Cathedral.
- Chapel of Saint Anthony Abbot, featuring one of the oldest sculptures in the temple.
The Famous Silver Altar
One of the most impressive elements is the main altar, completely covered in worked silver. This work of art reflects the mining wealth of the region and the skill of Cusco artisans. Its design and details make this altar one of the most magnificent in Latin America.
The Christ of the Tremors
The Taytacha de los Temblores (Lord of the Tremors) is an image of the crucified Christ with a dark color, resulting from centuries of exposure to candle smoke and incense. This figure is considered miraculous, as in 1650, during a devastating earthquake, the faithful claim that its procession stopped the disaster.
Every Holy Monday, thousands of people gather in Cusco for its annual procession, during which the faithful throw petals of ñucchu, an Andean flower used since Inca times in sacred ceremonies.
Paintings and Sculptures
The Cathedral houses one of the most valuable collections of art from the Cusco School, with paintings that reflect the fusion of European art and the Andean worldview. Among the most important highlights are:
- The Last Supper, by Marcos Zapata, which portrays Jesus and the apostles sharing a plate of cuy (guinea pig).
- Saint Peter and Saint Paul, by Diego Quispe Tito, the greatest exponent of the Cusco School.
- Numerous religious sculptures, carved in polychromed wood and decorated with gold leaf.
Culture and Tradition
Feasts and Celebrations
The Cathedral is the epicenter of religious festivities throughout the year, among which the following stand out:
- Procession of the Lord of the Tremors (Holy Monday)
- Corpus Christi, with parades of saints and virgins from different churches in Cusco
- Masses and festivities in honor of the Virgin of the Assumption
These celebrations reflect the devotion and religious syncretism that still persist in Cusco.
Information for Visits and Tourism
Location and How to Get There
The Cathedral is located in the center of Cusco, in the Plaza de Armas. You can get there:
- On foot, if you are staying downtown.
- By taxi, from anywhere in the city.
- Through guided tours, which often include other churches and monuments.
Hours and Prices
- Hours: Monday to Sunday, from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
- Admission:
- Foreign Adults: 40 soles
- Children and Students with ISIC card: 20 soles
Frequently Asked Questions
- Can photos be taken? Photography is not allowed inside.
- What is the best time to visit? During the morning, to avoid crowds.