The Inti Punku, or “Sun Gate” in Quechua, is one of the most emblematic constructions of Inca architecture, characterized by its strategic location and its connection with astronomy. In Cusco, there are several Inti Punku, the most well-known being the one in Machu Picchu, which marks the entrance to the sanctuary via the Inca Trail, and the one in Ollantaytambo, an imposing structure high up on a mountain overlooking the Sacred Valley.
These gates not only served as control and surveillance points on Inca routes but also held deep spiritual and astronomical significance, as they were aligned with the sun’s path at certain times of the year. In this text, we will explore their location, architectural features, historical importance, and how to access these sites full of mystery and grandeur.
Contents
How many Inti Punku are there in Cusco?
In Cusco, there are several Inti Punku, the most well-known are:
- Inti Punku of the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu, located at the entrance of the Inca citadel.
- Inti Punku of Ollantaytambo, high up on the mountain of the same name.
- Other Inti Punku in different archaeological areas of Cusco, which served as control and observation points.
Location
The Inti Punku are located at different strategic points in Cusco:
- The Inti Punku of the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is in the upper part of the Inca Trail, at about 2,720 m.a.s.l. (meters above sea level).
- The Inti Punku of Ollantaytambo is located high up on a mountain east of the town, overlooking the Sacred Valley.
Construction Characteristics
Inti Punku are stone structures with the following characteristics:
- Solid construction with carved stones assembled without mortar.
- Trapezoidal doors typical of Inca architecture.
- Location at strategic points with panoramic views.
- Relationship with solar observation, as sunlight passes through these gates at certain times of the year.
What is said about the Inti Punku of the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu?
- It was the main entrance to Machu Picchu for those arriving via the Inca Trail.
- On the equinoxes, the sun passes through this gate, illuminating Machu Picchu.
- It is believed that only authorized persons could enter through this point.
- Currently, it is the last section of the Inca Trail hike before reaching the citadel.
Inti Punku on the Ollantaytambo Mountain
- It is located on a mountain overlooking the Sacred Valley.
- It is believed to have been a point for surveillance and access control.
- Its construction is impressive due to its location in a steep area.
- It is less visited than the one in Machu Picchu but holds great historical and scenic value.
What is the importance of the Inti Punku?
- They were control and surveillance points on Inca routes.
- They played an astronomical role, aligning with the sun’s path at solstices and equinoxes.
- They served as symbolic and religious gates for entering ceremonial centers.
- They were strategic locations for defense and trade.
How can you get to the Inti Punku?
To the Inti Punku of Machu Picchu:
- You arrive by hiking the Inca Trail (4 days of hiking) or (2 days of hiking) and another by taking a short walk from the Machu Picchu citadel.
- It cannot be accessed by bus or train, only on foot.
To the Inti Punku of Ollantaytambo:
- You can walk from the town of Ollantaytambo, climbing a steep path for approximately 1 to 2 hours.
- It is less visited but offers an impressive view.
Access to the Inti Punku
Inti Punku of Machu Picchu: Accessed with the **Inca Trail** ticket or by walking from the citadel.
- Inti Punku of Ollantaytambo: Does not require a special ticket, but is a freely accessible path with physical effort.