Table of Content
The Urubamba River offers one of the most exciting and scenic rafting experiences in Peru. This sacred river of the Incas provides a unique combination of sporting challenge and unmatched natural beauty, making it a must-visit destination for adventure sports enthusiasts.
The Urubamba River: Geography and Characteristics
Origin and Course
The Urubamba River originates at the Vilcanota knot (4,314 m) in the Cusco department. In its upper course, it is known as the Vilcanota River, retaining this name until it reaches the city of Urubamba, where it takes on the name Urubamba River.
Main Geographic Data:
- Total Length: 724 kilometers
- Basin: 76,200 km²
- Origin Altitude: 5,443 m above sea level at the Cururana snow-capped mountain
- Direction: Southeast to Northwest
Cultural and Historical Significance
The name Urubamba comes from the Quechua word “Urupampa,” which means “plateau of spiders.” It was known during Inca times as Willkamayu (Sacred River) and was considered sacred by this civilization. The river is an integral part of the Amazon hydrographic system and constitutes one of the main sources of the Ucayali River.
Rafting Sections: Technical Characteristics
Difficulty Classification by Seasons
Dry Season (April – November):
- Difficulty levels range from class II to III
- Lower water levels allow for technical navigation
- Ideal for beginners and intermediates
Rainy Season (December – May):
- Intensity increases to classes III, IV, V, and V+
- Higher flow and speed of the water
- Recommended for experienced rafters
Main Rafting Sections
High Urubamba – Chuquicahuana Sector
- Location: From Llocllora (3,400 m – 11,155 ft) to Quiquijana
- Distance: 18 km with a descent of 200 m
- Characteristics: Continuous rapids level II to III, including The Knife, The Siphon, Butterfly, Hawaii Bombay
- Required Level: For individuals with prior rafting experience only
Cusipata Sector
- Characteristics: Good levels class II, III, III+, and IV
- Water Condition: Unpolluted river in this section
- High Season: From December to March, rapids can be class III+ and IV
Sacred Valley – Ollantaytambo
- Location: Stretch passing through the town of Ollantaytambo
- Season: Most popular during the dry season (April-October)
- Characteristics: Calmer waters, ideal for beginners
Technical Aspects of Rafting
Standard Equipment
Mandatory Safety Gear:
- Helmet, life jacket, paddle, self-bailing raft
- Wetsuits (depending on the season)
- Windbreakers
- Rescue equipment
River Conditions by Season
Dry Season (June – September):
- Low river level, rafting in the lower section between Ollantaytambo and Chilca
- Greater technical control
- Optimal visibility of obstacles
Rainy Season (December – May):
- River at its best for rafting and kayaking
- Flow of 600 m³/s along 110 kilometers
- More intensity and adrenaline
Landscapes and Natural Environment
Biodiversity of the River
The waters of the Urubamba River are home to species such as torrent ducks, water thrushes, along with vegetation like pissonay, queuña, orchids, mosses, lichens, hummingbirds, tanagers, pudu (small deer), emerald beetles, and a large number of butterflies.
Landscapes During the Journey
- Andean Mountains: Views of eucalyptus trees on the slopes
- Traditional Villages: Small hamlets, farmland, and flocks of sheep
- Geological Formations: Chuquicahuan Gorge, the largest portion of the Urubamba River
- Native Flora: Diverse vegetation that varies with altitude
Safety Considerations
Physical and Experience Requirements
- Physical Condition: Good physical condition is necessary as rafting can be demanding
- Recommended Age: Between 10 and 60 years
- Experience: Varies depending on the chosen section
Safety Protocols
It is essential to pay attention to all instructions and commands from the guide, maintain good communication with the team, and follow commands to the letter. The guides are specifically trained to ensure the safety of all participants.
Accessibility and Location
Distances from Cusco
- Chuquicahuana Sector: Approximately 1.5 hours by transport
- Sacred Valley: 1 to 1.5 hours depending on the starting point
- Cusipata: 1.5 hours southeast of Cusco
Available Infrastructure
The main rafting points offer:
- Changing rooms and shower facilities
- Equipment centers
- Specialized transport services
- Dining facilities
Ecological and Cultural Importance
Protected Areas
The course of the river is protected by the Historical Sanctuary of Machu Picchu (Sacred Valley), Megantoni National Sanctuary, and Otishi National Park, ensuring the conservation of this unique ecosystem.
Connection with Archaeological Sites
In the Upper Urubamba valley, many remnants of the Inca Empire can be found, including the remains of the famous citadel of Machu Picchu. The river surrounds the Huayna Picchu mountain in a circular manner, creating an enigmatic and unique landscape.
General Recommendations
Best Time to Visit
- For Beginners: April to November (dry season)
- For Experts: December to May (rainy season)
- Optimal Conditions: December to May when the river is at its best
Recommended Preparation
- Appropriate clothing for water activities
- Water-resistant sun protection
- Secure footwear (sandals with straps)
- Hydration and energy snacks
