Warmiwañusca Pass stands at 4,215 meters above sea level and is the highest point on the Inca Trail. You cross it on the second day of the classic route, after climbing about 1,200 meters in elevation along stone steps.
For many travelers, it is the toughest part of the entire trek and also the one they remember most. Here we explain what its name means, what each section of the climb is like, and what you can do to reach the top with energy to spare.
What Warmiwañusca Means
Warmiwañusca is a Quechua word combining warmi, “woman,” and wañusqa, “dead.” That is why it is also known as Dead Woman’s Pass.
The most common explanation comes from its appearance. Seen from the Llulluchapampa Valley, the outline of the mountains resembles a reclining woman, with her face and chest silhouetted against the sky.
There are also local stories about a woman who died while crossing the pass, but no single version of the story exists. What is certain is that the pass was part of the Inca route between the Urubamba Valley and the ceremonial sites leading to Machu Picchu.
The Climb, Section by Section
The walk from Wayllabamba to the summit takes between 4 and 5 hours. The slope gets steeper as you climb, and the final section is the slowest because of the altitude.
| Section | Arrival elevation | Approx. time | Trail conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wayllabamba to Ayapata | 3,300 m above sea level | 1 hr 30 min | Steady climb alongside a stream |
| Ayapata to Llulluchapampa | 3,800 m above sea level | 1 hr 30 min | Queuña forest and stone steps |
| Llulluchapampa to Warmiwañusca | 4,215 m above sea level | 1 hr 30 min to 2 hrs | Open high-altitude grassland, steep slope, and wind |
| Warmiwañusca to Pacaymayo | 3,600 m above sea level | 1 hr 30 min to 2 hrs | Descent along stone steps |
If your group spent the previous night in Ayapata, the climb to the pass takes around 3 hours. See how this day fits into the rest of the route in our Inca Trail itinerary.
How to Reach the Top Without Exhausting Yourself
The key is not speed but keeping a pace you can maintain without running out of breath. These tips work for most travelers:
- Take short, steady steps. On tall steps, climb diagonally to spread out the effort.
- Take one- or two-minute breaks while standing instead of sitting for a long time. This keeps your legs from getting cold.
- Breathe deeply through your nose and exhale through your mouth, matching your breathing to your steps.
- Sip water every 20 to 30 minutes, even if you do not feel thirsty.
- Keep sweet snacks, such as chocolate or dried fruit and nuts, handy for a quick energy boost.
- Use trekking poles on the ascent and especially on the descent.
- Dress in layers. The climb makes you warm, but the wind at the summit can cool you down quickly.
Your guide sets the group’s pace, and a team member always stays at the back. Nobody climbs alone or in a rush.
Altitude Sickness at the Pass: Signs and What to Do
Above 4,000 meters, the air contains less available oxygen, and your body feels it even if you are fit. Fatigue and heavy breathing are common and usually ease with rest.
| Sign | What to do |
|---|---|
| Mild headache, fatigue | Slow down, drink water, and tell your guide |
| Nausea or dizziness | Stop, rest, and let your guide assess whether you should continue |
| Shortness of breath at rest, confusion, or loss of balance | Warning sign: your guide provides oxygen and helps you descend |
The best prevention starts before the trek. Spend at least two days in Cusco or the Sacred Valley before starting your 4-day Inca Trail trek, and talk to your doctor if you have concerns about your health at altitude. You will find more acclimatization advice in our Inca Trail guide.
From the Summit to Pacaymayo
At the top of the pass, you can see both valleys: Llulluchapampa behind you, where you climbed from, and the Pacaymayo Valley ahead, with the next pass, Runkurakay, on the horizon. On a clear day, you can see snowcapped peaks in the distance.
It is customary to spend a few minutes taking a group photo. Some travelers also leave a small offering of coca leaves to thank the apus, the protective mountain spirits. Do not stay too long: the wind and cold can quickly lower your body temperature.
The Descent Is Harder on Your Knees
From the summit, you descend about 600 meters along stone steps to the campsite at Pacaymayo. Go slowly, plant your poles firmly, and watch your footing, especially after rain when the stones are wet.
When you reach camp, hot tea and dinner await. That night, you sleep with the satisfaction of having completed the hardest part of the Inca Trail.
Frequently Asked Questions About Warmiwañusca
How high is Warmiwañusca Pass?
It stands at 4,215 meters above sea level. It is the highest point on the classic Inca Trail.
How long does it take to climb Warmiwañusca?
Between 4 and 5 hours from Wayllabamba, or around 3 hours if your group camped at Ayapata. The descent to Pacaymayo takes approximately another 2 hours.
Does the Short Inca Trail pass through Warmiwañusca?
No. The 2-day route begins at kilometer 104, and its highest point is around 2,700 meters above sea level.
Is it very cold at the summit?
Yes, mainly because of the wind. Carry a windproof jacket and gloves in your daypack.
What happens if I cannot reach the summit?
Your guide assesses your condition and makes the decision with you. If continuing is unsafe, the team arranges an accompanied descent.
